Breathing & Vocalization
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Diagram of the Nose & Mouth
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Parts of the Mouth:
-Oral Cavity: Also known as the mouth cavity, the structures within the mouth allow us to taste and chew, to swallow food and drink, and to manipulate the air that comes up from the voice box so that we can form words.
-Epiglottis: flap at the end of the larynx, acts as a switch between the larynx and the esophagus to permit air to enter the airway to the lungs and food to pass. The epiglottis also protects the body from choking on food that would normally obstruct the airway.
-Pharynx: pharynx or throat is a cone-shaped passageway leading from the oral and nasal cavities in the head to the esophagus and larynx. Work for respiratory and digestive functions. Muscles help push food to the esophagus and help to swallow.
-Larynx: The larynx or voice box is part of the respiratory system that holds the vocal cords. The larynx produces the voice, helps us swallow and breathe. Air passes in and out of the larynx each time the body inhales or exhales. Air from the lungs passes over the stretched vocal cords, and the vibrations are modified by the tongue, palate, and lips to produce speech.
-Oral Cavity: Also known as the mouth cavity, the structures within the mouth allow us to taste and chew, to swallow food and drink, and to manipulate the air that comes up from the voice box so that we can form words.
-Epiglottis: flap at the end of the larynx, acts as a switch between the larynx and the esophagus to permit air to enter the airway to the lungs and food to pass. The epiglottis also protects the body from choking on food that would normally obstruct the airway.
-Pharynx: pharynx or throat is a cone-shaped passageway leading from the oral and nasal cavities in the head to the esophagus and larynx. Work for respiratory and digestive functions. Muscles help push food to the esophagus and help to swallow.
-Larynx: The larynx or voice box is part of the respiratory system that holds the vocal cords. The larynx produces the voice, helps us swallow and breathe. Air passes in and out of the larynx each time the body inhales or exhales. Air from the lungs passes over the stretched vocal cords, and the vibrations are modified by the tongue, palate, and lips to produce speech.
Diseases:
Laryngitis - can be described as inflammation of the larynx, which then results in huskiness or loss of voice, harsh breathing and painful coughing. It is caused by, viral infections, vocal strain, chemical fumes and smoke, excessive alcohol abuse and smoking.
Vocal Nodules - benign (non-cancerous) growths directly on the vocal cords due to vocal abuse (more common in professional singers). Forms on areas of the vocal cords that receive the most pressure.
Vocal Cord Paralysis - can be caused by, head, neck or chest trauma, stroke, tumor, lung cancer, viral infections. It's when one or both vocal cords are paralyzed, the open cord(s) allow food or liquids to slip into the trachea (tube that extends from the larynx to bronchial tubes that convey air to the lungs). A "common condition" can be relatively mild or life-threatening.
Detection & Treatments - Any hoarseness of the voice that lasts longer than 2 weeks should be a sign to receive medical attention, some doctors may use a laryngoscope to see inside vocal cords. While in cases of paralysis, doctors perform laryngeal electromyography which measure the electrical currents in the vocal cords.
ALL treatments for vocal cord disorders will be determined by a doctor based on: age, health, medical history, degree of vocal disorder, and tolerance for medications.
Laryngitis - can be described as inflammation of the larynx, which then results in huskiness or loss of voice, harsh breathing and painful coughing. It is caused by, viral infections, vocal strain, chemical fumes and smoke, excessive alcohol abuse and smoking.
Vocal Nodules - benign (non-cancerous) growths directly on the vocal cords due to vocal abuse (more common in professional singers). Forms on areas of the vocal cords that receive the most pressure.
Vocal Cord Paralysis - can be caused by, head, neck or chest trauma, stroke, tumor, lung cancer, viral infections. It's when one or both vocal cords are paralyzed, the open cord(s) allow food or liquids to slip into the trachea (tube that extends from the larynx to bronchial tubes that convey air to the lungs). A "common condition" can be relatively mild or life-threatening.
Detection & Treatments - Any hoarseness of the voice that lasts longer than 2 weeks should be a sign to receive medical attention, some doctors may use a laryngoscope to see inside vocal cords. While in cases of paralysis, doctors perform laryngeal electromyography which measure the electrical currents in the vocal cords.
ALL treatments for vocal cord disorders will be determined by a doctor based on: age, health, medical history, degree of vocal disorder, and tolerance for medications.
- Resting the voice
- Changing behavior that caused disorder initially
- Speech therapy
- Medication
- Surgery to remove growths
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Breathing Parts:
-Nasal Cavity: Nasal cavity enable both the function of filtering and providing passage for air. As well as also being dedicated to the sense of smell.
-Trachea: also known as the windpipe, connects to the larynx and the bronchi of the lungs. Allows air to come in and out as well as filtering it.
-Bronchi: two air tubes that branch off of the trachea and carry air directly into the lungs.
-Lungs: are a pair of large, spongy organs made for gas exchange between our blood and the air. They provide us with oxygen, while also removing carbon dioxide.
-Diaphragm: Main muscle used in breathing. A dome shaped muscle at the bottom of the lungs. When we breathe in, the diaphragm contracts (decreases in size). This movement enlarges the space that the lungs are in and the larger space pulls air into the lungs. When you breathe out, the diaphragm expands reducing the amount of space for the lungs and forcing air out.
-Nasal Cavity: Nasal cavity enable both the function of filtering and providing passage for air. As well as also being dedicated to the sense of smell.
-Trachea: also known as the windpipe, connects to the larynx and the bronchi of the lungs. Allows air to come in and out as well as filtering it.
-Bronchi: two air tubes that branch off of the trachea and carry air directly into the lungs.
-Lungs: are a pair of large, spongy organs made for gas exchange between our blood and the air. They provide us with oxygen, while also removing carbon dioxide.
-Diaphragm: Main muscle used in breathing. A dome shaped muscle at the bottom of the lungs. When we breathe in, the diaphragm contracts (decreases in size). This movement enlarges the space that the lungs are in and the larger space pulls air into the lungs. When you breathe out, the diaphragm expands reducing the amount of space for the lungs and forcing air out.
Diseases:
Asthma - airways are inflamed, and may occasionally spasm, causing wheezing and shortness of breath. Allergies, infections, or pollution can trigger asthma's symptoms.
COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is defined by an inability to exhale normally, which causes difficulty breathing, coughing, large amounts of mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD. Most people who have COPD smoke or used to smoke. Long-term exposure to other lung irritants—such as air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust can increase the risk of getting COPD.
Cystic fibrosis: A genetic condition causing poor clearance of mucus from the bronchi. The accumulated mucus results in repeated lung infections.
Emphysemaa: Chronic (long-term) lung disease. People with emphysema have difficulty breathing from a limitation in blowing air out. Emphysema is one of the main types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It’s called “obstructive” because people with emphysema exhale as if something were obstructing the flow of air. The main cause for Emphysema is smoking. Although emphysema has no cure, quitting smoking reduces the speed at which the disease gets worse.
Lung Cancer: two types of lung cancers, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non small lung cancer (NSLC). SCLC is more related to smoking, but it is more likely to get NSLC. In early stages of cancer the disease is asymptomatic, but later on include: hacking, raspy coughing, sometimes with blood-streaked mucus, increasing shortness of breath, wheezing, persistent chest pain, hoarseness, swelling of the neck and face, weakness, loss of weight and appetite, intermittent fever, severe headaches, and body pain
Detection & Treatments:
-Asthma can be detected through a spirometry test. Treatments are available, such as inhalers, and medications to control inflammation and excessive coughing/weezing.
-COPD can also be detected through a spirometry test or an x-ray of the chest. A great start to treating COPD is to quit smoking, take medications prescribed by the doctor, usually inhalers, and in rare occasions oxygen therapy and surgery.
-Cystic fibrosis is diagnosed through blood tests, sweat chloride test (looks for increased levels of salt in sweat), chest x-ray and lung function test. Treatments include taking antibiotics, mucus thinning drugs, and in some situations a lung transplant.
-Emphysema can be detected though large increase in chest size, abnormal sounds in the chest, check blood oxygen levels, check ankles for swelling as well as a chest x-ray. Treatments include oxygen therapy, antibiotics, inhalers, anti-inflammatory medicine, and lung surgery.
-Lung Cancer can be detected through a regular check up if bumps are noticeable on neck and collarbone, growth in the abdomen, abnormal sounds in chest, droopy eyelids, swelling in the face, and lack of strength in one arm. Treatments include, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and cancer pain medication.
Asthma - airways are inflamed, and may occasionally spasm, causing wheezing and shortness of breath. Allergies, infections, or pollution can trigger asthma's symptoms.
COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is defined by an inability to exhale normally, which causes difficulty breathing, coughing, large amounts of mucus, wheezing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD. Most people who have COPD smoke or used to smoke. Long-term exposure to other lung irritants—such as air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust can increase the risk of getting COPD.
Cystic fibrosis: A genetic condition causing poor clearance of mucus from the bronchi. The accumulated mucus results in repeated lung infections.
Emphysemaa: Chronic (long-term) lung disease. People with emphysema have difficulty breathing from a limitation in blowing air out. Emphysema is one of the main types of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It’s called “obstructive” because people with emphysema exhale as if something were obstructing the flow of air. The main cause for Emphysema is smoking. Although emphysema has no cure, quitting smoking reduces the speed at which the disease gets worse.
Lung Cancer: two types of lung cancers, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non small lung cancer (NSLC). SCLC is more related to smoking, but it is more likely to get NSLC. In early stages of cancer the disease is asymptomatic, but later on include: hacking, raspy coughing, sometimes with blood-streaked mucus, increasing shortness of breath, wheezing, persistent chest pain, hoarseness, swelling of the neck and face, weakness, loss of weight and appetite, intermittent fever, severe headaches, and body pain
Detection & Treatments:
-Asthma can be detected through a spirometry test. Treatments are available, such as inhalers, and medications to control inflammation and excessive coughing/weezing.
-COPD can also be detected through a spirometry test or an x-ray of the chest. A great start to treating COPD is to quit smoking, take medications prescribed by the doctor, usually inhalers, and in rare occasions oxygen therapy and surgery.
-Cystic fibrosis is diagnosed through blood tests, sweat chloride test (looks for increased levels of salt in sweat), chest x-ray and lung function test. Treatments include taking antibiotics, mucus thinning drugs, and in some situations a lung transplant.
-Emphysema can be detected though large increase in chest size, abnormal sounds in the chest, check blood oxygen levels, check ankles for swelling as well as a chest x-ray. Treatments include oxygen therapy, antibiotics, inhalers, anti-inflammatory medicine, and lung surgery.
-Lung Cancer can be detected through a regular check up if bumps are noticeable on neck and collarbone, growth in the abdomen, abnormal sounds in chest, droopy eyelids, swelling in the face, and lack of strength in one arm. Treatments include, surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and cancer pain medication.
Works Cited
"Emphysema Directory: Find News, Features, and Pictures Related to Emphysema." WebMD. WebMD. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://www.webmd.com/lung/emphysema-directory>.
"InnerBody.com | Your Interactive Guide to Human Anatomy." Innerbody. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://www.innerbody.com/>.
"Lung Cancer." WebMD. WebMD. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://www.webmd.com/lung-cancer/guide/lung-cancer-types>.
"Lung Diseases: Types and Causes of Common Conditions." WebMD. WebMD. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://www.webmd.com/lung/lung-diseases-overview>.
"Respiratory System." Respiratory System. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/repiratorysys.html
"Vocal Cord Disorders." Vocal Cord Disorders. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary
"Pharynx (anatomy)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/4
"Emphysema Directory: Find News, Features, and Pictures Related to Emphysema." WebMD. WebMD. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://www.webmd.com/lung/emphysema-directory>.
"InnerBody.com | Your Interactive Guide to Human Anatomy." Innerbody. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://www.innerbody.com/>.
"Lung Cancer." WebMD. WebMD. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://www.webmd.com/lung-cancer/guide/lung-cancer-types>.
"Lung Diseases: Types and Causes of Common Conditions." WebMD. WebMD. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://www.webmd.com/lung/lung-diseases-overview>.
"Respiratory System." Respiratory System. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/repiratorysys.html
"Vocal Cord Disorders." Vocal Cord Disorders. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary
"Pharynx (anatomy)." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 18 Dec. 2014. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/4
